The Great Wall of China is not only a marvel of engineering but also an enduring symbol of China’s rich history. Stretching over 12,000 miles, the wall was constructed across multiple dynasties for more than 2,000 years. However, recent archaeological findings have revealed that its origins date back even further than previously believed.

Archaeologists have uncovered what is now considered the oldest section of the Great Wall in Shandong Province, shifting its timeline back by 300 years to the late Western Zhou Dynasty (1046–771 BC). This groundbreaking discovery, made in 2024, has forced experts to reassess the wall’s history and construction timeline.

The excavation took place in Guangli Village, marking one end of the Great Wall of Qi, the earliest known part of the Great Wall of China. This wall extends nearly 400 miles to Qingdao on the Yellow Sea.

Alongside the ancient wall, archaeologists also discovered subterranean residences and the remains of Pingyin City, an ancient settlement.

A team from the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted extensive research over a 1,100-square-meter excavation site. Using carbon-14 dating techniques, they analyzed artefacts, plant remains, and construction materials to confirm the site’s antiquity.

Their findings suggest that different sections of the wall reflect various stages of construction and evolving architectural techniques.

The oldest unearthed section is made of packed earth and stone and measures approximately 10 meters wide. In contrast, later sections, dating to the Warring States Period (475–221 BC), reach up to 30 meters wide and incorporate yellow earth reinforced with metal rammers.

According to Zhang Su, the team’s lead archaeologist, each phase of construction represents the engineering advancements of its respective era.

The discovery of this early section of the Great Wall provides fresh insights into the defensive strategies of ancient China. The Great Wall of Qi, like the walls of Pingyao, was built to protect territories and control strategic transportation routes.

Zhang Su notes that its construction was highly advanced for its time, reflecting the organizational strength of the Qi State.

The Great Wall of China attracts approximately 10 million visitors each year, with many tourists flocking to the famous Badaling section near Beijing.

However, the Great Wall of Qi in Shandong Province is now gaining attention as the oldest known part of the wall. Although the newly discovered section may not yet be open for public viewing, it is expected to boost historical tourism in the region.

Shandong Province, home to various cultural landmarks, offers visitors the opportunity to explore other attractions, including Mount Taishan, one of China’s sacred peaks, and Qufu, the birthplace of Confucius.

The nearest international airport to Guangli Village is Jinan Yaoqiang Airport, making the site accessible to both domestic and international travellers.