The city of Ludwigshafen lies in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the Rhine river, opposite Mannheim. 

However, unlike other cities in Germany – like Berlin, Munich and Bacharach – this city is not known for its stunning architecture and jaw-dropping views. 

In fact, Ludwigshafen has become known as Germany’s ugliest city – a fact that its citizens have now embraced.

Many tour operators now conduct “ugly city tours”, taking tourists to some of Ludwigshafen’s worst downtown areas, with failed urban planning projects and unfinished art installations, abandoned warehouses and buildings that scream functionality but lack any architectural beauty. 

The city is hoping to undergo a glow up, looking to beautify and improve its image. 

Known primarily as an industrial city, Ludwigshafen is hugely overshadowed by its neighbour, Mannheim, which boasts large green spaces, impressive fountains and stunning architecture. 

The issues facing Ludwigshafen revolve around three major problems. 

Firstly, Ludwigshafen is home to the BASF plant, the world’s largest chemical producer. This 3.9-square-mile site dominates the city’s landscape. 

Secondly, Ludwigshafen was destroyed during World War Two and its subsequent rebuilding initiative was done in a style that has aged particularly poorly. Large parts of the city were rebuilt in the architectural style of the 1950s and 60s, with a heavy reliance on grey concrete. 

Today, while graffiti adds some colour to these dreary streets, it adds to the image of a city that is in dire need of a glow up. 

According to montras.io – who went on one of Helmut van de Buchholz’s “Germany’s Ugliest City Tour” – Ludwigshafen is “a city of missed opportunities and failed experiments,” as put by Helmut. 

Finally, its main train station is located under a bridge and consists of many dark and unwelcoming passageways: not the best way to warmly welcome visitors to the city. 

Ludwigshafen has begun its quest for improvement with a 20 million euro (£16.6 million) investment in the city centre. 

Toward the end of the tour, montras.io ventured into some of the newer developments in the city, places that are attempting to inject some life back into the city. However, according to the writer, “even here, the tension between progress and history was evident”. 

“The buildings felt disconnected from the rest of Ludwigshafen, almost as if they were trying too hard to fit in but failing, just like so many urban redevelopment projects.”

“Ludwigshafen isn’t pretty, but it’s raw, and raw can be beautiful in its own way,” he concluded.